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Solution #2: How to cite a professor’s lecture you attended in-person in APA Washington, personal communication, December 10, 2021) (Email writer’s first initial and last name, personal communication, date message was received in Month Day, Year format) An in-text citation should be made indicating that it was obtained through personal communication, including the person’s name and the date that the communication happened. Since they are unpublished and cannot be accessed by anyone else, they should not be included on the reference sheet. Personal emails or text messages are considered forms of personal communication. Troubleshooting Solution #1: How to cite a text message or personal email in APA If you would like to include a personal interview as part of your APA reference list, then include the interviewee, the date of the interview, and the type of interview. Smith, personal communication, May 17, 2008).Īny personal interview conducted via the following methods (and that are unpublished) can be considered personal communication: Instead, a personal interview should be referenced as a parenthetical citation.
As a personal interview is not published or “findable,” it should not be included in an APA reference list. Radio interview recording in a digital archiveĪPA reference lists only include works that can be found by the reader.Interview published as an online article.Here’s a run-through of everything this page includes: Whether it be in the form of a video or an online article, this helpful guide will show you how to cite interviews for your APA-style research paper. Interviews can be a extremely useful sources of information on almost any topic.
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